Earnestly study, publicize, and implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Party.

Persisting in simultaneously advancing efforts to ensure officials neither dare nor can nor wish to engage in corruption is a key component of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. It serves as the fundamental guiding principle for combating corruption and a crucial strategy for upholding comprehensive Party governance in the new era, reflecting our Party's profound understanding of the laws governing Communist Party rule and Party building under new historical conditions. In his report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Xi Jinping focused on the missions and tasks of the CPC in the new era and new journey, outlining a strategic plan for steadfastly promoting comprehensive and strict Party governance. He clearly articulated the core principles, strategic priorities, and practical approaches underlying the integrated push to prevent corruption—ensuring officials neither dare nor can nor wish to engage in it—providing a vital roadmap for securing a decisive victory in the fight against corruption, both in the short term and over the long haul, and demonstrating how the Party’s self-revolution can lead the way in driving broader societal transformation.

 

Anti-corruption is the most thorough form of self-revolution.

 

Comprehensively enforcing strict Party governance is a groundbreaking practice of the Party's self-revolution in the new era, with the fight against corruption serving as its pivotal battle. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has integrated comprehensive strict Party governance into the strategic layout of the "Four Comprehensives," launching an unprecedented anti-corruption campaign. This campaign simultaneously advances efforts to ensure that officials neither dare nor can tolerate corruption, while also fostering a culture where corruption is simply unthinkable. By employing a multifaceted approach—targeting "tigers," swatting "flies," and pursuing "foxes"—the Party has achieved an overwhelming victory in combating corruption, firmly consolidating these gains and ushering in a new realm of self-revolution within the Party.

 

(1) Achieve the strategic reshaping of the Party's comprehensive leadership over anti-corruption efforts. Before the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, there was once a problem of weak governance and lax discipline within the Party. Some corruption issues were shockingly blatant, sparking widespread dissatisfaction and righteous indignation among Party members, cadres, and the general public. Public sentiment—whether people support or oppose the Party—is directly tied to the Party's very survival. What the people are most dissatisfied with, most worried about, and most vehemently opposed to is none other than corruption. Since the 18th National Congress, the CPC Central Committee has unequivocally strengthened its leadership over anti-corruption efforts, embracing the mission of "offending thousands but failing no one among 1.4 billion people." Under this unwavering commitment, the Party has tackled deep-rooted problems and restored order, fundamentally transforming the leadership structure, strategic objectives, organizational framework, workforce deployment, and accountability system for anti-corruption initiatives. As a result, the long-standing issue of laxity and weakness in Party governance has been thoroughly reversed. Today, the Party has established a comprehensive, centrally led anti-corruption framework that integrates centralized and unified leadership by the CPC Central Committee, coordinated command across all levels of Party committees, effective coordination among disciplinary inspection and supervision agencies, seamless collaboration among functional departments, and active participation and support from the broader public. Together, these efforts have galvanized the entire Party and society into a powerful, united front determined to eradicate corruption once and for all.

 

(II) The fight against corruption has enabled our Party to maintain its historical initiative in staying advanced and pure. 党中央坚持从政治高度把握和推进反腐败斗争，严肃查处政治问题和经济问题交织的腐败案件，坚决纠治“七个有之”，铲除党内野心家、阴谋家，防止党内形成利益集团，消除了党、国家、军队内部存在的严重隐患。我们党在革命性锻造中浴火重生，防止了因腐败蔓延、“四风”肆虐、特权横行而变质褪色，赢得了保持同人民群众血肉联系、人民衷心拥护的历史主动；防止了党被利益集团、权势团体渗透干预，赢得了党的肌体健康纯洁、全党高度团结统一的历史主动；防止了党在日益复杂的斗争中懈怠停滞，赢得了走在时代前列、带领人民实现中华民族伟大复兴的历史主动。

 

(III) Firmly and effectively curb the momentum of corruption spreading. The Central Party Committee has steadfastly upheld the principles of "no forbidden zones, full coverage, and zero tolerance," while simultaneously emphasizing "strong deterrence, high-pressure enforcement, and long-term震慑." It insists on investigating both bribe-givers and bribe-takers alike, ensuring that every corruption case is thoroughly examined and every corrupt official is held accountable—this unwavering commitment has remained consistent over the past decade, with no pause or slackening. Serious efforts have been made to root out corruption that obstructs the implementation of the Party's theories, lines, principles, and policies, and which severely undermines the very foundation of the Party's governance. The Party has resolutely eliminated those who outwardly comply with the Party while secretly opposing it—known as "double-faced individuals"—as well as corrupt officials who show no sign of curbing their misconduct. Meanwhile, anti-corruption campaigns have been deepened in key areas such as finance, state-owned enterprises, political and legal systems, grain procurement and sales, coal resources, and development zone construction. Notably, the Party has taken decisive action to tackle corruption close to the people, achieving an unprecedented scale and intensity of anti-corruption efforts—unparalleled in both contemporary and historical contexts. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, disciplinary inspection and supervision authorities nationwide have collectively filed and investigated over 4.648 million cases, disciplining a total of 4.573 million individuals. Among these, 553 centrally-managed officials were investigated, along with more than 25,000 officials at the department- or bureau-level and over 182,000 officials at the county or division-level. Since 2014, the "Sky Net" operation alone has brought back 10,668 fugitives from over 120 countries and regions, recovering illicit funds totaling 44.79 billion yuan. Of the 100 most wanted individuals listed by Interpol, 61 have now returned to face justice. Under the combined pressure of stringent enforcement measures and persuasive policy appeals, 81,000 individuals have voluntarily turned themselves in, while an additional 216,000 people have proactively confessed their wrongdoing since 2020. As a result, the fight against corruption continues to yield tangible results, effectively reducing existing corruption cases while firmly preventing new ones from emerging.

 

(Four) The institutional effectiveness in preventing and combating corruption has been comprehensively enhanced. The Central Party Committee firmly upholds the coordinated advancement of comprehensively governing the Party with strict discipline, comprehensively deepening reform, and comprehensively advancing the rule of law, thereby establishing a long-term mechanism that relies on systems to regulate power, manage affairs, and oversee personnel. Upholding governance based on Party regulations, the Party has formulated and revised a series of crucial internal party rules and regulations, while also pushing forward national legislation against corruption. This has resulted in a relatively comprehensive system of internal party regulations and an anti-corruption legal framework, strengthening the rigidity of these systems, preventing the "broken window" effect, and ensuring seamless integration between disciplinary enforcement and law enforcement—thus guaranteeing that all regulations and systems are effectively implemented and take root. Moreover, by leveraging the fundamental role of investigating and handling cases, the Party identifies common and underlying issues hidden behind individual cases, achieving a comprehensive impact: addressing one case leads to broader warnings, ultimately contributing to targeted governance across entire regions.

 

(5) The ideological bulwark against corruption and moral decay continues to be steadily strengthened. Persist in advancing both ideological Party building and governance by rules in tandem, strengthening the foundation of the Party with ideals and convictions, arming the entire Party with the Party's innovative theories, and nurturing moral integrity through the rich legacy of traditional culture—thus replenishing the "calcium" of the spirit and forging the "soul" of our ideology. Treat staying true to our original aspiration and keeping our mission firmly in mind as an enduring task for strengthening Party building, as well as a lifelong commitment for all Party members and cadres. Continuously carry out focused, centralized learning and education within the Party, thoroughly addressing and eliminating the ideological "viruses" that breed corruption. Strengthen ideological education for young cadres, guiding them to fasten the "first button" of廉洁 (integrity) in their official careers. Issue guidelines on enhancing the culture of integrity in the new era, encouraging Party members and officials to refine their Party spirit and bolster their ability to resist corruption and maintain integrity.

 

(6) The Party and state's supervision system has become more comprehensive. The Central Party Committee upholds the combination of Party self-supervision and mass oversight, continuously deepening reforms of the discipline inspection and supervision system. It has established supervisory commissions at both national and local levels, operating jointly with the corresponding-level disciplinary committees to achieve full coverage of intra-Party oversight and comprehensive oversight of public officials. Guided primarily by Party internal oversight, the Party is refining a robust framework for power oversight that seamlessly integrates disciplinary supervision, supervisory inspection, stationed oversight, and巡视 (inspection) oversight—ensuring coordinated and effective checks and balances. This approach fosters closer collaboration between discipline inspection and supervision efforts and other forms of oversight, including those conducted by the National People's Congress, democratic organizations, administrative bodies, judicial authorities, audit offices, financial and accounting institutions, statistical agencies, as well as public and media watchdogs. Moreover, the Party is strengthening its mechanisms for cooperation and coordination with inspection teams, judicial bodies, and auditing agencies, thereby building a unified, comprehensive, authoritative, and highly efficient oversight system under the Party’s unified leadership. Focusing particularly on the "critical few"—including top leaders and leading teams—the Party is tackling the persistent challenges in overseeing these key figures and their leadership groups. From theoretical innovation to practical implementation, from targeted breakthroughs to comprehensive coverage and systematic integration, China’s socialist supervision system with Chinese characteristics has become increasingly mature and well-established. As a result, the Party’s capacity for self-purification, self-improvement, self-renewal, and self-enhancement has been significantly strengthened.

Successfully forging a path of anti-corruption with Chinese characteristics

 

The Party The 18th National Congress Since then, the Party Central Committee—with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core—has profoundly grasped the fundamental principles of addressing both symptoms and root causes in a systematic manner. It has closely integrated severe punishment of corruption with rigorous institutional constraints and robust educational guidance, forging a comprehensive strategy that simultaneously tackles the issues of "daring not to be corrupt, being unable to be corrupt, and having no desire to be corrupt." This approach is a concentrated embodiment of our Party's century-long endeavors, particularly reflecting the invaluable lessons learned from anti-corruption efforts in the new era.

 

(1) Firmly grasp the political initiative and uphold the CPC Central Committee's centralized and unified leadership over anti-corruption efforts. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee has charted the course, mapped out strategies, and restructured the forces for anti-corruption efforts in the new era. It has conducted a profound analysis of the still-severe and complex situation in the fight against corruption, strengthened the Party's comprehensive, all-around, and full-process leadership over anti-corruption work, clearly defined the principal and supervisory responsibilities for comprehensively enforcing strict Party governance, and deepened reforms of the national supervision system—continuously improving the Party and state oversight framework. Under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee, China has successfully forged a unique path in combating corruption: relying on the leadership of the Communist Party of China to oppose corruption, upholding the rule of law with Chinese characteristics to sternly punish corrupt practices, and leveraging the institutional advantages of socialism with Chinese characteristics to prevent and address corruption effectively.

 

(II) Always maintain strategic resolve and continue sounding the clarion call for upholding integrity and combating corruption. The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasized that corruption is the most malignant tumor endangering the Party's vitality and combat effectiveness. Fighting against corruption is a life-or-death struggle—there can be no retreat, only progress; no defeat, only victory. We have consistently upheld the principle of combining comprehensive strictness with targeted focus, seamlessly integrating severe punishment of corrupt officials with efforts to eliminate the systemic conditions that breed corruption. At the same time, we’ve advanced both the investigation and prosecution of bribery offenses and the crackdown on those who offer bribes. Domestically, we’ve intensified anti-corruption efforts while simultaneously stepping up international cooperation to pursue fugitives and recover stolen assets overseas. Comprehensively addressing corruption, combating the "Four Winds," and curbing privilege-related abuses, we’ve adopted a multi-pronged approach that has propelled the fight against corruption into a new phase characterized by an unwavering zero-tolerance stance: Any act of corruption or embezzlement will be met with resolute accountability and stern punishment—no exception. This commitment is not merely rhetoric but a concrete promise fulfilled, ensuring that no matter who it involves or how high their position may be, anyone who violates Party discipline or national laws will face serious consequences and rigorous enforcement.

 

(III) Continuously unleash comprehensive effectiveness, simultaneously strengthening deterrence and punishment, reinforcing institutional constraints, and enhancing awareness and vigilance. "Unwillingness to be corrupt, the inability to become corrupt, and the lack of desire to be corrupt are an interconnected and mutually reinforcing organic whole. Among these, 'unwillingness' serves as the prerequisite, 'inability' is the key factor, and 'lack of desire' forms the very foundation. It is essential to forge clear internal links among them to enhance overall effectiveness. The Party Central Committee has integrated the concept of 'comprehensive advancement' into all aspects of strengthening conduct, enforcing discipline, and combating corruption, firmly maintaining a zero-tolerance approach to punishment—never loosening or softening it—in order to provide solid backing for both 'inability' and 'lack of desire.' Through reforms and innovative institutional measures, we are plugging loopholes, standardizing the exercise of power, and consolidating the gains made in fostering 'unwillingness' and 'lack of desire.' Meanwhile, we are deepening education on Party principles, style, and discipline, while simultaneously bolstering the development of a clean culture for the new era, thereby fortifying the ideological defenses against corruption. Finally, we remain committed to using specific cases as catalysts for reform and governance, seamlessly integrating case handling with corrective actions and systemic improvements, while ensuring that investigation, oversight, and preventive warnings are consistently aligned. This holistic approach continuously elevates our ability to effectively tackle corruption."

 

(4) Effectively implement policy strategies to ensure firmness, prudence, and precise punishment. The fight against corruption is a crucial aspect of the great struggle with many new historical features. It requires both resolute punishment of corrupt practices and careful consideration of policies and strategies. Focusing on political security, we must start with concrete clues, analyze issues from a high-level political perspective, and adhere to the principles of seeking truth from facts while ensuring compliance with regulations, discipline, and the law. In investigating and addressing corruption cases, we must also uncover the underlying political, accountability, and conduct-related problems. Meanwhile, we need to coordinate efforts to prevent and manage both corruption risks and broader economic and social risks, firmly tackling the corruption embedded in key areas that pose significant threats. This will help promote steady and healthy economic growth, while safeguarding overall social stability.

 

(5) Continuously explore innovative approaches, deepen conceptual innovation, and foster practical creativity. Corruption is a manifestation of various negative factors within the Party that have accumulated over time and continued to escalate. Therefore, anti-corruption efforts must evolve with the times while staying true to our principles and fostering innovation. We must creatively apply the "four types of disciplinary measures," carefully weighing factual evidence, individual attitudes, and compliance with Party rules and laws, thereby translating the guiding principle of "addressing issues before they escalate and healing both the illness and the patient" into concrete policies. Additionally, we need to innovate mechanisms for investigating major cases, employing a comprehensive approach that integrates political, disciplinary, and rule-of-law strategies, successfully tackling a number of long-standing, serious violations involving senior officials and their family members. Furthermore, we should establish systematic governance frameworks, focusing on areas where cases frequently occur and addressing the most pressing concerns and challenges faced by the public, ensuring that systemic problems are effectively addressed through targeted, sustained reforms. Finally, we must introduce proactive surrender guidelines, leveraging Party education, policy incentives, and disciplinary and legal deterrence to encourage erring officials to truthfully disclose their misconduct to the organization.

 

(6) Ensure compliance with regulations, discipline, and the law, integrating rule-of-law thinking and rule-of-law approaches throughout. To eliminate the fertile ground where corruption thrives and spreads, the key lies in perfecting legal frameworks and systems—fighting corruption and governing against it strictly according to law. We must uphold the organic unity of governing the country according to law and governing the Party according to regulations, while coordinating the development of internal Party rules and regulations with national anti-corruption legislation. Specifically, we will replace the "two regulations" with detention measures, ensuring that power is supervised rigorously in accordance with rules, discipline, and law. We will also insist on holding discipline stricter than the law and seamlessly integrating disciplinary enforcement with law enforcement, improving mechanisms for transferring clues and sharing outcomes. This approach enables us to conduct comprehensive reviews and investigations into violations of discipline, official misconduct, and official crimes alike. Finally, we remain committed to exercising stringent oversight and constraints over disciplinary enforcement and law enforcement powers. To this end, the CPC Central Committee has formulated the Regulations on the Work of the Disciplinary Inspection Commission and the Rules on Supervisory and Disciplinary Enforcement by Disciplinary Inspection Authorities, and approved the Regulations on Supervision and Enforcement by Supervisory Organs, thereby ensuring that the Commission for Discipline Inspection and the National Supervisory Commission perform their duties responsibly and effectively in strict compliance with Party rules, discipline, and law.

 

Firmly win the tough and protracted battle against corruption.

 

　　The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasized that comprehensively enforcing strict Party governance is an ongoing journey, and the Party’s self-revolution will also continue without pause. The Party Constitution adopted at the 20th National Congress clearly stipulates the integrated promotion of preventing corruption through deterrence, institutional safeguards, and ideological reinforcement, while also setting forth new expectations for strengthening and improving the Party and state oversight system. Over the past decade of the new era, China has waged an unprecedentedly vigorous anti-corruption campaign, achieving remarkable results that have drawn global attention. Yet, we must never underestimate the stubbornness and harmfulness of corruption—its influence remains deeply entrenched and poses a grave threat. As such, the fight against corruption continues to be complex and challenging. We must resolutely implement the strategic arrangements outlined at the 20th National Congress regarding comprehensive Party governance, firmly uphold the "four consciousnesses," confidently strengthen our "four self-confidences," and unswervingly maintain the principle of strict discipline. Simultaneously, we must strive relentlessly to ensure that no one dares to engage in corruption, no one can commit corruption, and no one harbors the desire to do so—working together, advancing in the same direction, and employing a comprehensive approach to decisively win this extraordinarily intricate and arduous battle.

 

(1) Establish a robust accountability system for the Party's leadership in the fight against corruption. Upholding the central and unified leadership of the Party Central Committee as the paramount political principle, we will strengthen the building of anti-corruption coordination mechanisms, ensuring that Party leadership is integrated across the entire chain of advancing efforts to ensure officials dare not, cannot, and have no desire to engage in corruption—spanning every stage from oversight, disciplinary enforcement, and law enforcement through to prosecution, trial, execution, and rehabilitation. We will firmly establish the primary responsibility for comprehensively enforcing strict Party governance, seamlessly aligning it with the regulatory duties of relevant functional departments, and fostering a robust framework where each entity assumes its own responsibilities while maintaining unified coordination in managing and governing the Party. Furthermore, we will promote seamless integration and synergy between anti-corruption efforts and all aspects of Party building, leveraging the critical roles of political oversight, ideological education, organizational management,作风建设 (style-building), disciplinary enforcement, and institutional improvement to deliver a comprehensive and coordinated battle against corruption.

 

(II) Maintain an unwavering zero-tolerance stance against corruption and evil. The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasizes that as long as the conditions and environment conducive to corruption persist, the fight against corruption must never pause—it requires us to maintain an unwavering, relentless stance. We must more effectively curb new cases of corruption while systematically eliminating existing ones. In particular, we must resolutely investigate and address corruption that intertwines political and economic interests, firmly preventing leading cadres from becoming mouthpieces or proxies for interest groups and powerful factions. Additionally, we will vigorously tackle the growing issue of collusion between government officials and business leaders, which undermines both the political ecosystem and the healthy development of the economy. We will also spare no effort in punishing "fly-level corruption"—corruption that directly affects people's daily lives—ensuring that the power entrusted to us by the Party and the people is never misused for personal gain by a privileged few. Moreover, we will intensify efforts to tackle systemic issues in areas where power is concentrated, funds are heavily invested, and resources are abundant. This includes thoroughly investigating industry-wide and systemic corruption, precisely targeting emerging and hidden forms of corruption, and rigorously addressing cases where spouses, children, and their spouses—or other close associates—of leading officials exploit their influence for personal enrichment and corruption. Finally, we will comprehensively establish mechanisms to track down fugitives, prevent their escape, and recover illicit assets, leaving no room for corrupt elements to evade justice.

 

(3) Enhance the institutional mechanisms to prevent corruption from taking root and spreading. Fighting corruption means combating the pathogens that undermine the Party's advanced nature and erode its purity—efforts that must address issues at their root causes while simultaneously tackling both symptoms and underlying problems. We must refine the institutional mechanisms for managing power and governing officials, improve the cadre assessment and evaluation system, and establish robust, regularized processes for cultivating, selecting, rigorously educating, managing, and supervising young cadres. We should focus on critical powers such as policy-making, approval and regulation, law enforcement, and judicial oversight, ensuring strict adherence to responsibilities and authority, standardizing work procedures, and strengthening checks and balances on power. Furthermore, we must advance national anti-corruption legislation, clearly defining systems for official duty avoidance, restrictions on holding concurrent posts, regulating business activities, and imposing limits on post-service employment for public officials. Finally, we must uphold the principle of investigating both bribery and corruption offenses equally, intensifying penalties and disciplinary actions against those who offer bribes. At the same time, we should promote the Party’s glorious traditions and fine conduct, fostering a culture of integrity for the new era. By reinforcing ideological foundations and nurturing moral character, we can enhance Party members' sense of responsibility, cultivate noble virtues, uphold public ethics, and strictly maintain personal integrity—ultimately empowering them to consciously resist corruption.

 

(IV) Establish a sound, system-integrated, authoritative, and highly efficient oversight framework. Supervision is a crucial guarantee for the proper functioning of power, and the supervisory system serves as an essential foundation and safeguard for the governance framework. We must continue to deepen the reform of the Party and state supervision system, with intra-Party oversight taking the lead and political oversight forming the cornerstone. This effort should integrate audit, financial, and statistical oversight mechanisms with the Party Committee’s (or Party Group’s) inspection and巡察 activities, as well as the disciplinary inspection and supervision commissions’ oversight, investigation, and review processes—effectively addressing any bottlenecks that hinder the seamless coordination among these oversight efforts. By embedding supervision more deeply into the governance process, we can comprehensively advance the Party’s self-purification, self-improvement, self-renewal, and self-enhancement, ensuring its continued vitality and strength.

 

(5) Enhance the effective platforms and practical approaches for advancing the "integrated approach." "Dare not corrupt, cannot corrupt, and do not want to corrupt each have their own focus yet also complement one another—only by coordinating and linking these elements systematically can we achieve greater institutional outcomes and enhanced governance effectiveness. Upholding a systematic perspective, we must emphasize learning from experience, grasping underlying principles, and grounding ourselves in new practices, while exploring effective platforms that seamlessly integrate and unify the three aspects. This will ensure that stringent punishment, robust oversight of power, and targeted education and guidance are closely intertwined, working in harmonious synergy. Moreover, we should place greater emphasis on leveraging faith and conviction as guiding forces in advancing the integrated approach of "dare not, cannot, and do not want to corrupt." By doing so, we can facilitate the transformation from external regulation to self-discipline, and further elevate self-discipline into genuine moral awareness. This, in turn, will inspire Party members and officials to firmly uphold integrity, reject evil, and promote goodness from the bottom of their hearts. Together, these efforts will continuously drive the comprehensive and rigorous enforcement of Party discipline and governance, paving the way for deeper progress in building a fully-fledged socialist modernization and contributing fresh momentum to the nation's all-around development."